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It is a proxy is sometimes referred to as an application for a proxy server which acts to act as an intermediary two parties: a server and a user on the internet. Without a proxy, a user could send a request a source directly through a server and the server would then deliver the resource directly back to the client. While this process is simple to grasp and implement however the addition of proxy servers could provide advantages in the form of increased security, performance, privacy, and so on. As a further layer of pass-through proxy servers act as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




In general the mix of server hardware and installed proxy software is often referred as a proxy server. This article we'll focus on proxies typically considered as software, and specifically in relation with web server. There will be a discussion of two types of proxies: which are the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has their own use situation, however they can be confused because of a similar name convention.




This article will give you some understanding about what proxies as well as their subtypes are, as well as the ways they can be useful in common setups. In this article, you'll learn how to discern the scenarios in which you can benefit from a proxy and then select the most appropriate option between forward and reverse proxy in each situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, also referred to as the open proxy is an agent for a user who is trying to send a request via the internet to an original server. If this is the case, any requests made by the client will rather be directed through the forward proxy. In this scenario, this forward proxy, acting in the place of the customer will review the request. First, it will check if the client is allowed to make requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the original server. The client does not have a access to internet in any way. it can only access what the forward proxy grants the client access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy is to increase privacy or security online. A forward proxy uses the internet as a client and as such it is using an alternative IP address to your client's IP address.




Depending on how it's been set up in the past forward proxy servers could provide a variety of features, allowing you to:




Do not be a victim of ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the geolocation of your home.




Forward proxies are also used in systems for centralized security and access based on permissions such as in a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy, the administrators are able to allow only specific clients access to the internet via an common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls for the client layer which may include multiple machines with different settings as well as users, firewalls may be added to the forward proxy layer.




Be aware the forward proxy configurations must be set up manually prior to their use in order to be used and reverse proxy settings can't be detected by users. Based on the type of IP address of the user, it is relayed to the server from which it originated by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted, or left in the dark.




There are numerous options to investigate for forward proxies:




Apache The Apache is a popular open-source server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not the entire webserver system. You can refer to our tutorial on how you can create Squid proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses using the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP this makes it better suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to set up the Dante proxy to permit private connections to Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions in the role of an intermediary the web server and it takes responsibility for incoming requests from users for the benefit of. This server could function as a one server or a number of servers. In addition, it could be an application-server such as Gunicorn. In either case the request will originate from a user on the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be directed directly to a web server that holds all the resources the client seeking. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, shielding this webserver from direct contact with the open internet.




From a perspective of the user from a client's perspective, using reverse proxy isn't different from communicating with the server by itself. It's functionally the same however the client cannot tell the difference. Client asks for a resource gets it, without additional configuration on the part of the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules that you create.


The caching feature has been added to the app.




While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy systems, reverse proxy providers can provide this feature only to this web server layer, not the layer that clients use. Instead of having firewalls on Web server layers, which could comprise multiple servers and various configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, getting rid of the hassle of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with clients' requests that are not on web servers allows the firewall to focus on providing resources.




If multiple servers are running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also handles the method by which requests are routed to which server. Many web servers may be connected to this server offering different kinds of resource or a mixture of the two. They use the HTTP protocol just like a standard web server, but may also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy to direct clients to specific servers according to the kind of resource they're searching for, or to observe certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies also benefit from their positioning above web servers by virtue of caching. Massive static resources can be configured with caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers on every request. Certain options allow users to directly serve static files without having to connect with the server at all. In addition the reverse proxy could handle compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy service. It is factual that Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy feature, it's a feature that is available for Apache but Nginx was initially designed and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilizing Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilization



Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" have connotations of directionality and misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing because both types of proxies handle responses and requests. The best method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an effective tool when you are developing a solution to serve web-based applications over the internet. Reverse proxy servers represent your website when you connect to the web.




Forward proxy can be useful for displaying clients to use for personal purposes, or in a working environment. They represent the client's information every time you connect to the internet.




The practice of separating by case of use instead of using the same name conventions will ensure you won't be confused.



Conclusion



This article will explain the definition of a proxy with the two main types, namely the reverse proxy and forward proxy. Practical examples of use as well as a discussion of the most advantageous attributes were used to determine between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the possibilities of proxies then check out our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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